Knowing the components of economic education provides the dynamic background of education in this field. The aim of the current research is to investigate the indicators and components of the economic education curriculum. The approach of the current research is qualitative and its method is research synthesis. The research community is all the articles (211 articles) that have been presented from 1390 to 1401 AD and from 2010 to 2022 AD regarding economic education in curricula. The sample of the research is 32 articles, which were selected based on thematic monitoring, theoretical data saturation, and purposefully. The research data were collected from the qualitative analysis of the studied articles. By analyzing the data, the dimensions of vitality in the curriculum of the elementary school in 4 factors and 55 categories including the dimension of individual factors (including indicators and components related to personality characteristics); The dimension of culture and economic ethics (economic fields in the society); The dimension of economic concepts and knowledge (indices in economic education) and the dimension of collective and communication concepts (communication and interaction indicators in education) were classified. Economic education is dependent on internal and external components in educational systems, which requires macro-planning in this field.

Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their selection and appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying and analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, comparative and benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of comparison and benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step comparison method; then the countries of Canada, Finland, Australia, South Africa, and Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, and welfare), education quality index, and other scientific-scholarly indexes; finally, by extracting the criteria for the selection and appointment of principals through content analysis and comparison with Iran, the proposed framework for Iran has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the selection of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities and differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager selection and appointment belongs to Japan and the lowest one is related to Finland.Conclusion: There are similarities between the components of selection of principals of secondary schools in Iran and selected countries. In Iran, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity and innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision and accountability, social image, leader skills, and purposefulness and foresight.

As the most complex manufactured structures, cities face excessive population growth. Their expansion has intensified on high-risk sites, and the available evidence also indicates the continuous increase of all types of natural crises in terms of intensity and frequency. Scientific and experimental findings show that the best way to deal with danger is to promote the resilience of settlements in different dimensions (social, economic-livelihood, physical-spatial and institutional); in other words, resilience in both human and environmental dimensions comprehensively. It decreases and increases. This research has evaluated and analyzed the components of resilience in Sari. The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and field in nature. The statistical population in this research includes citizens living in the four districts of Sari, and the sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 383 people, who were selected from among the statistical population by stratified sampling. The questionnaire is the method of collecting library and field information and its most important tool. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and structural equation modeling) were used by SPSS and Smart PLS software, and entropy and SAW models were exerted. The research results indicate that the situation of the four regions of Sari regarding social components has better conditions than other dimensions of resilience. In terms of institutional components, they have a vulnerable state. According to the entropy model, among the components of resilience, the institutional dimension has the most weight, and the economic dimension has the least weight. Moreover, according to the SAV model, Region 1 ranks first, and Region 3 of Sari ranks last in having the components of resilience dimensions.

Pulses form stable dietary components for majority of population across the world. Different people consume pulses in different ways like Uncooked, Soaked, and cooked or only cooked without soaking. All these processing techniques lead to changes in the nutritional value of the pulses. Studies have also reported that in addition to nutritional components like Proteins, Carbohydrates, and fats, pulses also contain anti-nutritional components like Lectins, Tannins, and Polyphenols that greatly interfere with digestion of pulses in the human intestine. Hence in the current study a comprehensive review is being compiled to evaluate the nutritional and antinutritional aspects of pulses and effect of processing methods on invitro protein and starch digestibility of the pulses.

quality is one of the central concepts in urban design knowledge and profession - naturally with a great theoretical and practical significance. Apart from theoretical importance, due to quality crisis currently experienced in most Iranian urban environments, quality has become a serious question from a practical point of view. Many officials, academicians, and practicing urban designers have increasingly expressed their concerns over lack of quality in urban design of the country. However, due to equivocal and elusive nature of the concept of quality, so far there seems little consensus among the diverse views. To provide a common understanding of urban design quality, it seems as if some theoretical clarification of the concept is needed. This paper aims at inquiring the concept of urban design quality, by developing a theoretical framework to explain the concept, identifying its components. The paper consists of five major parts. First, the concept of quality is etymologically discussed. Next, the concept is examined in terms of "modes of existence". Then, a review of the literature on the notion of "good" urban design and the qualities concerned is presented and the criteria applied in a number of urban design checklists is examined and the results are reported. Finally, the paper concludes that: 1- Urban design quality could be effectively explained by means of an enhanced version of Canter's (1977) pioneering "place" paradigm as suggested by this study and entitled "Sustainable Place Model"; 2- Urban design quality comprises three components namely "experiential-aesthetic quality", "functional quality", and "environmental quality".    

A B S T R A C T The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Both library and field methods have collected the information required for this research. The statistical population of the research consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and the sample size according to the Cochran formula was 364. The study results of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of spatial connectivity indicators indicated that among the investigated complexes, Rahan residential complex had the lowest connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes, and the highest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. Moreover, Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with increase of sociability. Among the other results of this research, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient among the investigated components. In the first place, the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, the multi-purpose component with a path coefficient of 231 0.0 in the third place, the security component with a path coefficient of 0.162 is in the fourth place and the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place with a path coefficient of 0.153 Extended Abstract Introduction In the public space of neighborhoods and residential environments, the issue of sociability has been less addressed. Public spaces can boost the social life of citizens by strengthening social interactions and being involved in social sustainability. The residential environment conveys the residents a sense of well-being and satisfaction through physical, social or symbolic features. In each residential complex, according to the different arrangements of the blocks in it, it is possible to reach different influential indicators of the public space in it, which, according to the way they are arranged, have different potentials from the point of view of sociability in them. Declining sociability causes many problems in relationships between people and reduces the sense of belonging to a place, security, and other issues caused by not paying attention to the quality of collective life in housing. The main question is: - What are the components of the spatial structure affecting the sociability of residential complexes in the city of Kermanshah?   Methodology The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and the sample size was estimated to be 364 people using the Cochran formula. Factors such as the ease of access to the complexes, the willingness and cooperation of the residents and the management of the complexes were also influential in selecting the samples studied in this research. In this research, in order to investigate the sociability of residential complexes based on the   theoretical framework prepared in the present research, the physical indicators affecting this issue include five indicators of "connectivity, interconnectedness, control, selection and depth" in each of The studied samples have been evaluated and analyzed in public spaces including the playground, gathering space, parking lot, and lobby. This research used Depthmap analytical software and structural equation modeling software to analyze the data.   Results and discussion In this research, the relation of sociability of public spaces of residential complexes in Kermanshah, which includes Kasra residential complex, Azadi residential complex, Rezvan residential complex, Rahan residential complex, Hasht Behesht residential complex and Zeytoun residential complex as the basis of the research case. Among the samples studied, Rahan residential complex has the lowest connectivity index compared to other complexes; the largest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of the spaces and accesses in the Rahan complex is very weak and lower than the rest of the complexes. According to the numbers extracted, Zeytoun complex and following that Kasra and Rezvan complexes are at the same level of performance, and Azadi and Hasht Behesht complexes have the best performance in this aspect; the placement of access and communications in Kasra and Rezvan complexes has been appropriate and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability. Among the investigated sociability components, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient. In the first place the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, and the multipurpose component with a path coefficient of 0.231. In the third place, the security component, with a path coefficient of 0.162, is in the fourth place, and the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place, with a path coefficient of 0.153.     Conclusion Living in the common spaces of residential complexes allows one to be with others comfortably and effortlessly. A person can take a usual walk to be among people, sit on a bench near the door for a short time, and even sometimes look out of the window can be a worthwhile activity. In this research, an attempt was made to examine the condition of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of sociability. The results showed that Rahan residential complex had the lowest level of connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes and the largest share of this. The comparison reaches Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. And Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability. Extended Abstract Introduction In the public space of neighborhoods and residential environments, the issue of sociability has been less addressed. Public spaces can boost the social life of citizens by strengthening social interactions and being involved in social sustainability. The residential environment conveys the residents a sense of well-being and satisfaction through physical, social or symbolic features. In each residential complex, according to the different arrangements of the blocks in it, it is possible to reach different influential indicators of the public space in it, which, according to the way they are arranged, have different potentials from the point of view of sociability in them. Declining sociability causes many problems in relationships between people and reduces the sense of belonging to a place, security, and other issues caused by not paying attention to the quality of collective life in housing. The main question is: - What are the components of the spatial structure affecting the sociability of residential complexes in the city of Kermanshah?   Methodology The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and the sample size was estimated to be 364 people using the Cochran formula. Factors such as the ease of access to the complexes, the willingness and cooperation of the residents and the management of the complexes were also influential in selecting the samples studied in this research. In this research, in order to investigate the sociability of residential complexes based on the theoretical framework prepared in the present research, the physical indicators affecting this issue include five indicators of "connectivity, interconnectedness, control, selection and depth" in each of The studied samples have been evaluated and analyzed in public spaces including the playground, gathering space, parking lot, and lobby. This research used Depthmap analytical software and structural equation modeling software to analyze the data.   Results and discussion In this research, the relation of sociability of public spaces of residential complexes in Kermanshah, which includes Kasra residential complex, Azadi residential complex, Rezvan residential complex, Rahan residential complex, Hasht Behesht residential complex and Zeytoun residential complex as the basis of the research case. Among the samples studied, Rahan residential complex has the lowest connectivity index compared to other complexes; the largest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of the spaces and accesses in the Rahan complex is very weak and lower than the rest of the complexes. According to the numbers extracted, Zeytoun complex and following that Kasra and Rezvan complexes are at the same level of performance, and Azadi and Hasht Behesht complexes have the best performance in this aspect; the placement of access and communications in Kasra and Rezvan complexes has been appropriate and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability. Among the investigated sociability components, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient. In the first place the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, and the multipurpose component with a path coefficient of 0.231. In the third place, the security component, with a path coefficient of 0.162, is in the fourth place, and the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place, with a path coefficient of 0.153.     Conclusion Living in the common spaces of residential complexes allows one to be with others comfortably and effortlessly. A person can take a usual walk to be among people, sit on a bench near the door for a short time, and even sometimes look out of the window can be a worthwhile activity. In this research, an attempt was made to examine the condition of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of sociability. The results showed that Rahan residential complex had the lowest level of connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes and the largest share of this. The comparison reaches Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. And Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability.

Background & Aims Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and neurological disease that causes various physical and mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, weakness, diplopia, blurred vision, decreased muscle strength, tremors, forgetfulness, lack of concentration, disorder of understanding feelings, etc. This disease is an inflammatory disease with a degenerative nature related to the central nervous system with a vast etiology. MS causes the myelin of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to be destroyed, and the destruction of myelin determines the symptoms of the disease. This disease is common between the ages of 18 and 40. According to statistics, approximately 2. 5 million people in the world have MS. The prevalence of this disease (MS), according to the statistics recorded by the World Health Organization, is 20 to 60 cases per 100, 000 people, and statistics show that the ratio of women to men is higher. The clinical course of MS is diverse and can vary from a completely benign course to a progressive and debilitating course. Stress is a term that refers to a set of physical, mental, emotional, and tension factors in a person. Being exposed to stress in everyday life is an integral part of life, some of these stresses can have a positive effect on increasing arousal, and in this case, it prepares a person for activity. On the other hand, exposure to stress can be harmful. Stress occurs for a person when the environmental facilities are more than the person's resources for adaptation. Perceived stress is defined as the degree to which environmental situations in a person's life are evaluated as stressful. The studies conducted about perceived stress indicate that stress and its effect on mental health are determined to some extent by a person's subjective evaluation of life events. People suffering from chronic diseases, if they cannot control the perceived stress of the disease, will affect their mental health. Therefore, it is very important to control and manage stress so that the patient can deal with it efficiently. One of the unpleasant consequences of stress in chronic patients such as MS is the unfavorable quality of life of these patients, which shows that it is important to investigate and evaluate the quality of life in clinical research, that knowledge about the quality of life of patients will help the health team to Move the care to improve their quality of life. Every person's dream in life has always been to have a good life. In the present century, there have been many changes in people's views on life, and every person tries to live a quality life and strives to improve the quality of his life. For this reason, the evaluation of the quality of life has gained a lot of value in recent years. The concept of quality of life in the lives of healthy or sick people is affected by different conditions and changes. The concept of quality of life depends on physical, mental, and social health, which is influenced by people's opinions and expectations. Another variable that is theoretically related to the structure of perceived stress is willpower. Regarding the controlling factors of human behavior, behaviorist psychologists consider the controlling factor of a person to be the external environment of a person, and cognitive psychologists consider the internal system of a person, including his willpower and decision, to be effective in this field. They consider from the point of view of today's psychologists, the concept of willpower is synonymous with the relative strength of motivations, and in fact, they consider the study of self-control and motivation to be effective and useful in this field. In general, the problem of the present research is to what extent the components of quality of life and components of willpower can predict the perceived stress in patients with MS and the contribution of each of these variables. How much is it in predicting the perceived stress of patients with MS? Methods The current research design is a descriptive design of the correlation type, in which the components of quality of life and the components of willpower are predictor variables and perceived stress is the criterion variable. The statistical population of this research was patients with MS from Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, and the sample of this research is 118 people, including 64 women, which is equivalent to 54. 2 percent of the total sample size, and 54 men, which is equivalent to 45. 8. The tools used in this research included Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, the World Health Organization's quality of Life Scale, and Godrezi's Willpower Scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS-23 software. To check the correlation of the dimensions of the variables, Pearson's correlation coefficient was analyzed using the simultaneous regression method. Results The results showed that the components of physical health and mental health from the quality of life scale and the components of independence and courage from the willpower scale significantly predict perceived stress. The value of the standardized regression coefficient was-0. 360 for physical health,-0. 249 for mental health, and-0. 333 for independence and courage. Conclusion Physical health, mental health, independence, and courage can affect psychological well-being and increase the problems caused by stress by affecting the perceived stress of MS disease and his avoidance of MS stress. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these factors in the management and treatment of these patients. Multiple sclerosis patients struggle with stress due to facing and fighting this chronic disease. It is important and necessary that their perceived stress from the disease is not high enough to be able to cope with the disease. Since some subscales of quality of life and willpower are related to perceived stress, it is useful to pay attention to them in patients. The higher the level of quality of life and willpower, the less stress a person feels.

The issue of one-dimensional view of evaluation in educational systems causes problems for students. In Islam, the view of evaluation is more comprehensive. The purpose of this article is to explain the quality of evaluation in the Islamic educational system. In line with this goal, three basic components of the purpose, method and characteristics of evaluation in the Islamic educational system were explained. Quranic verses, hadiths and commentaries were used to collect data in a documentary manner. The results showed that the evaluation system in Islam, in terms of features such as comprehensiveness, quality, quantity, accuracy and reliability and the basic components of purpose, time, place, methods, tools and criteria, are different from conventional evaluation methods. Assuming that education in our country intends to rely on the teachings of Islamic education, then it is necessary to turn to the basic features and components of evaluation in the Islamic educational system. Thus, research proposal to policy makers, planners and educational factors in education is to turn to the tradition of evaluation in Islam.